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篇名	Percutanrous approach of the kidney and percutaneous surgery of kidney stones
作者	Xavier Martin
卷期/出版年月	35卷5期 (2002/10)
頁次	221-234
摘要	The first kidney percutaneous drainage was made by Goodwin in 1955. Although this technique was against the principles of urologic surgery, it was developed 15 years later. Today, percutaneous dranage of the kidney is used as a temporary urinary diversion in case of obstruction. It applies to other lesions of the upper urinary tract and also to kidney function assessment. The use of percutaneous approach to treat kidney stones was initially suggedted by Fernstrom and Johanson in 1976. This technique was further improved by Alken and Segura in the 1980. With the high reproducibility of percutaneous stone removal, this technique has been widely developed. Nowadays, percutaneous approach of the kidney allowa for a variety of endoscopic kidney procedures. Compared to retrograde endoscopy, this approach has the advantage of using shorter and larger instruments without the risk of damaging the ureter.
關鍵詞
分類	Overview