Nephroduodenal fistula is an uncommon clinical condition. Most reported cases
were associated with renal pelvis calculus formation and pyelonephritis. We report a
rare case of nephroduodenal fistula caused by renal tuberculosis (TB). A 45-year-old
woman initially presented with weight loss and fever off and on. Nephroduodenal
fistula was identified concurrently with the diagnosis of right renal tuberculosis with
severe pyonephrosis. The patient was successfully treated by a combination of
surgery and anti-TB medication. We review the literature and discuss the clinical
presentation, diagnosis and management of nephroduodenal fistula caused by renal
tuberculosis.